Engine



Dec. 23; 1941. E. R. JACQBY ET AL ENGINE INVENTORS E jacob r/ mn Dec@ 23, 1941. R. JAcoBY ETAL ENGINE e 'sheets-sheet 2 Filed Dec. l, 1939 INVENTORS ,E'wcs Fija/co Dec. 23,- 1941. E. R. `JAcoBY EfrAL 2,267,333

ENGINE File-d DSO. l, 1939 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR5 ,ENOS @n/7 Tro `EY.

, Dec.z3,1941. E. R. JACOB# Em N.2,267,313

ENGINE Filed Dec. 41, 1959 e sheets-Sheet 6 INVEN ORS F7705 1. Jac

ATTORNY.

Patented Dec. 23, 1941 ENGINE Enos R. Jacoby, Muskegon, and Earl Ginn, North Muskegon, Mich., assignors, by mesne assignments, to Reconstruction Finance Corporation,

Detroit, Mich.

Application December 1, 1939, Serial No. 307,168

y 14 Claims. -(Cl. 12s-73) Our invention `relates to engines andmore particularly to a two stroke cycle fuel injection engine in which pure air is preferably supplied to the engine cylinder from the engine crankcase or from an external source of air supply. In most instances we find it desirableto employ crankcase compression.b

It is well known that much dimculty has 1r` een ft experienced with two stroke cycle engines heretofore manufactured. One of the chief troubles with two stroke cycle engines is that they can only be started after much difficulty. Also, the excessive oil consumption in a two stroke cycle engine is one which has made the practical production of such engines'undesirable. Past ex-` perience with two `stroke 4cycle engines have shown that these engines are not reliable, they 4are difficult to start, particularly in cold weather,

are diilicult to cool and usually consume anl excessive amount of lubricating oil. Furthermore in most two stroke cycle engines the fuel is subject to condensation, especiallywhen cold and this adds to the starting diiculties and the fuel condensed from thefmixture in the cylinder tends to drain into the crankcaseand washesthe lubricating oil from the cylinder walls. y

An object of our present :invention is to provide a two stroke cycle combustion engine in which the aforesaid difliculties have been substantially removed 'by' incorporating therewith a fuel injection system `particularly constructed,

and arranged `for this particular application.

Another object of our presentinvention is to provide for more eflicientcombustion in the engine, to eliminate wastage of fuel and to further improve the combustible characteristics of the combustible charge within the engine, by providing a fuelinjection system which is operable in time relation with the engine operation and which is further constructed and arranged in such a way as to preferably inject the fuel soubstantially directly into the engine cylinder, and utilizing the engine crankcase in most instances for compression of pure air instead of a fuel and air` mixture as has heretofore been the practice.

Another object of our present invention is to provide an improved two stroke cycle engine of the character described by so mounting the injector and its associated parts, that the fuel may be injected or sprayed into pure air substantially at the Sametime that said pure air is introduced into the engine cylinder, which construction has practically eliminated all chances of fuelbeing precipitated-,out ofthe mixture into the crankcase, thus making it possible to secure a uniform fuel mixture charge for the engine with a minimum of waste under all conditions of engine operation.

Still another object of our invention is to provide an improved two stroke cycle fuel injection engine which is rather simple indesign but which utilizes-to the fullest extent all thefuel injected into the engine and which provides a more enicient engine as compared to previous two stroke cycle engines. y

A further object of our invention is toprovide a more eicient two stroke cycle engine by injecting the fuel substantially directly into` the engine cylinder and by commencing this injection of fuel substantially at the` beginning of the compression stroke and after the; exhaust ports have been closed. In other words the fuel is injected into the engine cylinder under the most favorable conditions, and when the pressure in said cylinder is substantially atmospheric. The

preferred constructions herein illustrated provide l an arrangement whereby the fuel injecting device is shielded from substantial maximum temperatures and pressures in the engine cylinder. A still further object of our present invention is to facilitate the manufacture of such engines by providing a structure requiring a minimum number of moving partsr and which can be assembled with a minimum of time and labor.

For a more detailed `understanding of our invention, reference may be had tothe accompanying drawings and specification illustrating preferred embodiments of our invention by which is obtained substantiallyimproved results,'and in whichz` Y Y Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a two stroke cycle fuel injection engine showing a fuel injection device assembled therewith,

Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse sectionalview through the engine Vtaken substantially onl the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 and showing the relation' of the transfer passage, piston and cylinder intake ports, s

Fig.` 3 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken substantially on the line 3 3 of Fig. l

and showing the mechanism for actuating the fuel injecting device, Y Y

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary detail view of the injecting device, showing theair intake and fuel distributing conduits, i

Fig. 5 is ahorizontal sectional View through the engine taken substantially on the line 5-5 Y showing the piston in plan elevaof Fig. 1, but tion, .Y N v Fig. 6 is a similar horizontal sectional view of the engine taken substantially on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1 and showing the preferred arrangement whereby fuel is injected substantially directly into the engine cylinder,

Fig. '7 is a detail sectional View showing the fuel injecting jet in relation to the cylinder intake ports and taken substantially on the line I-'I of Fig. 6,

Fig. 8 vis a horizontal sectional view through the engine taken on the line similar to sectional View Fig. 6, and illustrating a modified fuel injecting construction,

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary detail sectional` view of the injector jet taken on the line` 9-'-9 of Fig.8 and showing the relation of said jet with respect to the cylinder intake ports,

Fig. 10 is a similar fragmentary sectional view showing a further modified construction,-

Fig. 11 is a similar fragmentary sectional view showing a still further modifiedv form of construction.. l v

Fig.` 12 is a fragmentary Verticalfsec-tionalviewA taken substantially on the line-I2-I2.`of' Fig: l13 and.` showing Athe injector'Withrelation-tohthe cylinder intake port and` piston, and-*illustrating a modified pistonconstructiom Fig. `13 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional View of the construction-as 4illustrated in Fig. 12 and taken substantially ony theline- -I3-I3 of Fig. 12,

Fig. 14 is-a plan viewI of -a piston showing la modiiiedbaflie construction;

Fig. 15-is a vertical sectional View of `a modied piston constructiongshowing the piston-top face provided With-1a vfuel condensationpocket,Y

Fig..16 is a modified'engine'construction showing the-fuel injection-device operable -to inject the fuel directly into the engine cylinder,

Fig.` 17 is a further modified engine constructionV showing an external source ofpureair sup'- ply,andY

Fig.vv 18 isa still further modified engine'con; struction showingan-engine havingan external air -blower for completely scavenging the engine prior to fuel injection.

Our. present inventionis illustrated preferably in connection with a small`two cylinder` engine but -it will be understoodjhowever', 'that theprin'` ciples of our-invention `may-be incorporated inother size engines-as f'well; The present 'two stroke cycle engine consists'in general of a cylinder block I0 to which issecured a cylinder head f IIand a crankcaselZ.A A crankshaft I3` is supported in the crankcase in the usual-manner, and has secured thereon a ily wheel I4 housedcvvithin the flywheelhousing I5. Thecylindersblock I0 is provided'with cylinders- I 6 and the combustionchamber I1 for each'cylinderiscon'ned for the most" part withinV the cylinder'head II. Conventional sparkplugs I8 are'carriedby the'cylinder headforigniting-the combustible charge in the combustion chambers at the desired' times. Each cylinder is provided with intake and exhaust ports I9 and 20 respectively, the exhaust port`20 communicating in a conventional manner'with a suite able exhaust manifold 2I. Y

As Will be observed in Fig. 2 the-cylinderystructure provides a transfer passage22 communicating-at one end with the-cylinderintakeport 'I9 and at the other end with a cylinderport'23.- A-c piston 24 isoperable withinthecylinderland controlsy the opening and.` closing.` of said cylinder` intake and exhaust'ports for controlling the en;v gine cyclical events. It will be observed that thej piston skirt 24a is provided.withalport ZSadapted to register with the cylinder port 23 when the piston is near the bottom of its stroke at which time the pure air within the crankcase, which has been compressed by the inward movement of the piston during the power stroke of the engine, is caused to flow through the transfer passage 22 andintothe cylinder through the Vintake ports I9, since at-.this time thepiston has unmasked the cylinder intake and exhaust ports.

The incoming gases scavenge the engine cylinder in the usual Way by pushing the exhaust gases out through the cylinder exhaust port or ports. .The piston isprovided with a baille 26 which is adapted toscreen the exhaust ports from `thefint'ake'port.and to deflect the incoming gases outwardly. of the' cylinder toward the cylinder head and to substantially completely scavenge thecylinder of exhaust gases in the conventional manner. The piston 24 is connected to the crankshaft I3 by the usual connecting rods 2l, andl the cylinder block andthe-cylinder head are providedwiththe' usual waterf jackets 28 and 29 respectivelys- We-'havefound1 thata two-stroke cycle-engine can be'operated satisfactorily andfmost efficiently by incorporating therewith a fuel injection system so constructed and arranged as to-'introduce' the fuel into the pure air after the same is forced out -or Withdrawn'from-the-crankcase. We preferablyarrange ourv fuel injection system iny such a way as to introduce 'the fuel and to mix lthe same with the pureair-transferred to the Acylinder from the crankcase in proximityr to the cylinder intake-portsl I9,`-and preferably time the fuel injection" device vtoT inject the fuelafterthe cylinder'- has beenV scavengedfof the I products of Ycombus tion:

InfFi'g;v 3 we have illustrated our Ipreferred env gine construction inV` section inprder-to show'theV fuel injecting-device Yandjit will be noted that the` engine-block IB is-providediwith a recessed portionjmformingga pady for'receiving'the fuel injection-jdevice;'indicated general bythe reference character 43 Ii" and' which is i preferably secured to the engine structureH by means j of' boltsor other suitablefastening'devices 32; The` fuel injector'comprises a cast'blockmember or housing A33 which-"provides a lpump "cylinder 34 in which is yoperated a pump plunger 35; same being "rotated bynmeans ofca jgear jconn'ection-bythe crankshaft-f3, "saidcrankshaftcarrying a gear 36V meshing wit'h'gear -3'I"carriedl by' or secured to a pump actuator38:` Thepump carries a cam 39 lower the pumpy plungeriwhenjsame is rotated.

The fuelY is'compressedl in' the pump chamberY 4I` andv fedithrough ducts'42jand .43respectively tothe fuel'injecting ."devices, suchas tubes 44.*"-

These tubes" 44 Yare 'cach supported. in `the f engine wthe pump plunger is so operatedas to time the injection tof fuel .into' the engine cylindenfrom the nozzles' or jets II5"in` any convenient manner, and, preferably the injection .device is' construct-` ed to ialternatelyl and jlntermittently'. introduce the fuelinto'thej ducts '42 and 43;'v This particu- `lar'form' of 'fuel injecting devicek and the detailed construction arid-'operationl k'form-no partjl of the presentl A invention andl it-willbe understood thatany-type of fuel#injecting-mechanism may-be injecting device to inject the fuel at the proper time, to wit, during the compression stroke of the engine.

However, the construction and arrangement of the injecting device relative to the engine structure does form a part of our invention, and it will be noted that in one adaptation of our invention the fuel jets or nozzles are positioned preferably in a position as shown in Fig. 6 so that the fuel is sprayed directly into the engine cylinder through one of the cylinder intake ports, and at least some of the fuel is preferably sprayed against the baffle 26 carried by the piston.` Actuation of the fuel injecting device is timed to inject the fuel into the engine cylinder when the piston has substantially reached -the bottom of its stroke,ipreferably at the beginning of the compression stroke and in some cases after the exhaust port has been closed.

In a two stroke cycle engine of the crankcase compression type, pure air is drawn into the engine crankcase through the air ports l50 which ports are intermittently placed in communication with the crankcase by the unmasking of said ports by reason of the movement of the engine piston to the top of its stroke. A butterfly valve I, actuated by a lever arm 52 and connector 53, is pivotally mounted within the injector housing `33, and same controls the supply of pure air to the crankcase. This pure air, on being compressed, is subsequently introduced into the transfer passage 22 and thence into the cylinder as has been previously described.

Figs. 8 to 11 inclusive illustrate Various modified constructions by which substantially good results may be obtained. In Fig. 8 it will be noted that the tube 60 which communicated with the injector device 3l is shorter in length than that shown in Fig. 6 and the jet or nozzle 6i is located to spray the fuel into the transfer passage across the intake port openings I9. Thus the fuel is mixed with the pure air from the crankcase at the time the pure air is being introduced into the engine cylinder and may, if desired, be mixed with the pure air just before and during the introduction of the mixture into the engine cylinder. Preferably the jet or nozzle Bl is located adjacent one end of the chamber 53 formed by the upper portion of the transfer passage, and the fuel is sprayed in a direction which is substantially opposed to the directional flow of the pure air through the transfer passage. Thus, it will be noted that considerable turbulence is set up and a very fine atomization of fuel is obtained. It will also be noted that the jet or nozzle 6| may be arranged to direct the jet upwardly as indicated by the dotted line 62 in Fig. 9, slightly downwardly as indicated by the dotted line B3 in Fig. 10, or almost straight down as indicated by the dotted line 64 in Fig. 11.' Preferably the jet or nozzle 45, as shown in the preferred engine construction illustratedv in Fig. 6, is so positioned as to impart a directional force to the fuel spray substantially similar to that shown in Fig. 9; i. e., the fuel spray is directed slightly toward the piston baille and toward the cylinder outer end, so as to lessen any tendency of the fuel being swept directly out through the exhaust ports ahead of the exhaust gases. Preferably, however, the fuel is sprayed or `introduced into the engine cylinder in Figs. `12 and 13, Thismodied construction provides a2 piston baille 'I0 projecting outwardly from the` pistonface at a distance more remote from the cylinder intake ports than is the pistonbaflie 26. *In some instances it is found that uniform distribution of the atomized fuel is had more vreadily by such a baille construction. It will be noted that we may provide a piston baille which may be of the general contour as illustrated at -in Fig. 14 and which may be located more or less closer to the cylinder intake ports. If desired, we may also arrange the fuel injector tubeA 'H as shown in Fig. 13, so that the extremity thereof is bent as at 'l2 and the J'et or nozzle 'I3 is positioned to direct the fuel more towards the center of the piston face and more directly against the .piston baille.

In many4 instances we nd that it is desirable to provide a condensation pocket 82 in the piston face immediately in front of the piston baille 83 (see Fig. 15) in order to collect any condensation which may be'precipitated out of the fuel mixture introduced into the engine cylinder when starting. The wet fuel is thus collected and thrown off as the piston 8| reverses its motionV at the top of lits stroke, thereby eliminating wastage of fuel and eliminating any tendency of this wet fuel to wash down the cylinder walls.

InFigs. 16 and 17, it will be noted that we have provided a fuel injection device 84 located to inject fuel directly into the engine cylinder during a .portion of the engine compression stroke. We preferably inject the fuel after the exhaust port has been closed and continue the injection during about from fifty per cent (50%) to ninety per: cent of the compression stroke. The injecting device is, however, preferably vcompletely masked or shielded from the engine combustion chamber by the engine piston during the time of substantial maximum temperatures and pressures.` It will be observed that the fuel and air mixture is preferably not rich enough to ignite bycompression alone, and the spark is utilized to ignite the fuel mixture. The fuel is injected at relatively low pressure, and preferably the beginning of fuel injection occurs at a time when pressure within the cylinder are substantially atmospheric, and preferably immediately after the exhaust port is closed.

The engine illustrated in Fig. 16 is a crankcase compression type while in Fig. 17,` the engine is provided with an external source of air supply, such as .a low `pressure blower 85. The control ofthe air supply from this blower is had by the piston 86 in a manner preferably the same as is thecase with the other constructions illustrated herein, and this blower may be used alone as in Fig. 17 or in conjunction with a crankcase air vsupplyas in Fig. 18. Theblower may directly inject pure air into the cylinder or may if desired inject into `the air transfer passage 81 (Fig. 18). It may be noted that the use of an external air supply, which may supply air in excess of the engine demands, `provides for a substantially complete scavengingof the engine prior to fuel injection.

It will be observed that the present engine construction embodies a novel concept for obtaining more satisfactory two stroke cycle engine performance in that the fuel is sprayed either directly into the cylinder or into the transfer passage 22. We find it preferable, in many instances however, to inject the fuel into that regionof the transfer passage which is in proximity to the cylinder intake ports. The fuel is preferably mixed with the, pure. air ;just.;priorarto:l,v being introducedrto the v.engine cylinder; or l,it is.;-

mixed with the-air While .the same ,is ibeingintro-y duced into the engine cylinderfatsthe beginningof.

the engine compression stroke.V In. this wayethe pressure of the air and its '.Velocity -when^-beingx transferred from the crankcase to=L the-cylinder;

acts to substantially preventv any of the fuel backs..

The .fuel is also lrei-1 1 ing up intothe crankcase.

leased into the; air stream Aunder,pressure,aand

even though the fuel pressure is 10W, a thorough; atomizationv of the fuel and` a -thoroughi mixing of the a'tomized fuel ,andair inthezengine cylinder is obtained. s

We also-find that lby introducingthe fuelintof.`

the air stream substantiallyatthe same time the: gases are introduced into..the. engine,- cylinder,Y

that a substantially.uniform..distribution; and

mixture of the Afuel and airis obtained, which-of..

course, aids in ,obtaining efficient-combustionfof.-l the fuel mixture.Y When fuelfisfmixed .vvith-A air..

for some time before sameissintroducedinto.the engine cylinder there' isa 'tendencyof the fuel to condense andtobe precipitated out of the .fuel

mixture, causing a variationxinothelratio of fuel f1 and air Which lessens.engine;eflciencyk.besides.

creating'other operatingdiificulties.

Our present construction insures proper Acombustion .at all times. and vprovidesa `fueln'iixture for combustible purposes whichais affe'ctedby cold to alesser degreelthan. if the fuelis mixed Withthe `airain the engine crankcase. When operating..

such engines under severe. wintenconditionssand below .zero temperaturesethere'isa tendency of the. fuel condensing .whichgwill make .it difficult;

to start `the .engine` In. our .present constructionf. thereiris alesser.l chanceofV4 the fuel .condensing when-operating .the :engine under. sub-zero temperatures andthus, it is foundithatLa .fuel injec- Y tions two stroke cycle .engine .constructed in accordance with `our, invention and. embodyingthe improvements. described above, may. be. quickly.A

started in sub-.zero Weather.x Furthermoregcon--.

tinuous satisfactory -engineLpperatiOn's insured by our construction,

It will. bev noted .thatV the .inlet port-r 231Y of` the transfer passage is .maskedyby thek piston skirt during substantially the whole upward strokeiof the piston, and thereforethe suction effect produced in. the engine crankcase .is Yno1-l transmitted to .the .transfer passage. Any fuel mixture insad transfer passage is.thuszsubstantallynever sube.

jected tothe suction..pressurerin:the crankcasa..

asthe air intake por,tsz;5llareun1fr1asked ;.prefor= lably/.before the port. 23,.issunmaskedf,f andthe crankcase suction .pressure is4 relieved before ythe u transfer passage .is opened to the crankcase..1:.

It will be l apparent therefore-what,- 2 although;

We have ,described in detail .certain ipreferred forms of construction and have r:illustrated the principles of our invention asnapplied-.to preferredr 1 engine constructions, `that ,various ,inodicationsl and. changesgmay be made.therein.:without de.'-`

parting from the spirit of ouh-invention andlfromxthe scope of the appended claims.

We claim: 1. Atwo stroke.;`r cycle` internal.. combustion engine Acomprisingean;:engine structure including acrankcase and :a :.cylinder; havingfa 'plurality of intake portsand exhaust port-means, acrank-v shaft, a .piston-operatively connected with said'. crankshaft and Loperableiltolcontrol*at leastfinJ part lthe engine cyclicalweventsgsaid; enginestructure having-a transfer passage 'forf-fcen; ductingcompressed-lair-rfromsthe-crankcase to"A the; engine@ cylinder,z.said @transfer passagef including an arcuate chamber partially surround- I ing the cylinder and communicating with said.

cylinder intake ports, and 'fuel injecting. means including an'injector nozzle terminating .within` one-aof; the 1intakevports and constructed and arranged to inject fuel directlyiintoone Vof said g intakeports fand. thence directly into said chamber;l

2. A tvvo` stroke-cycle internal combustion engine comprising-an engine structure including a Acrankcase .and a cylinder having. intake and exhaust. ports,A a crankshaft, a piston operatively connected with said crankshaft and operable to control at least rin part the opening and closing.

ing an injector nozzle constructed andarranged toI inject fuelr directly.- into said chamberina v direction substantially vopposed to thetravel of air. through said transfer passage.

3..-A two stroke cycle internall combustion engine-comprising an engine structure'r including a crankcase and'. a cylinder having 4a plurality of intake ports and exhaust port means, a crankshaft, a pistonl operatively connected with said.v

crankshaft and operable to control at least in part the opening and yclosing of the cylinder intake and exhaust ports to control` the engine cyclical, events, said engine structure having a transfer passage for conducting. compressed air` fromthe'crankcase to the engine cylinder, said transfer passage includinganarcuate chamber partially surroundingthe cylinder and communicating with said cylinder intake ports;r and fuel injecting means including an injector` nozzle constructed and arrangedl to inject. fuel through said ,intake port only and thence directly into .said chamber', said injector nozzle comprising a fuel conducting vtube extending transversely jof said chamber and having a jet opening located Within only ,voneof said cylinder intake ports through which the fuel is injected substantially directly into the engine cylinder.

4. A two stroke cycle' internal combustion engineiof the crankcase compression type comprising an engine structureincluding a crankcasefa crankshaft, a cylinder having intake and ,exhaust ports, and an air transfer passage connecting the-crankcase with said cylinder intake ports, and fuel-injection means operated in timed relation with :saidcrankshaft and constructed to inject the fuel into said transfer passage, saidfuel injection-means including means directing the fuel-spray in a direction opposed to the'flow of air through said transfer passage to create turbulence in said fueland air mixture introduced to said engine cylinder.

5. Ay two. stroke cycle internal combustion engine of the crankcase compression type comprising an engine structure includingv a crankcase, .acrankshafh a cylinder having intake and exhausti ports,: andan air transfer'passage connecting. the crankcase .withrsaid cylinder and having an. inletA and an outlet opening in the cylinder Wall, a piston operatively connected with said crankshaft andincluding a skirt portion,`

said piston skirt having a port arranged'to lbeZ movedl 'into registration with the transfer passage inlet only near the `encl of theexplosion stroke` to `place the engine `cylinder into open communication `with the compressed air in said crankcase, whereby to inject'air under pressure to saidengine cylinder,` and fuelv injection means timed to inject fuel directly into the compressed airbeing introduced into said engine cylinder and just prior to the of the engine. i i

`6. A two stroke cycle internal. combustion engine of the crankcasefcompression type comprising an engine-structure including a crankcase, a crankshaft, a1 cylinderhaving intake and exhaust ports, and an air transfer passage connecting the crankcase with said cylinder and having axially spaced inlet and outlet openings in the cylinderwall', a piston operatively connected with said crankshaft and including a skirt portion, said piston skirt having a port arranged to be moved into registration with the transfer passage inlet only near the end of the explosion stroke to place the engine cylinder into opening communication with the compressed air in said crankcase, whereby to inject air under pressure to said engine cylinder, and fuel injection means timed to inject fuel directly into the compressed air being introduced into said engine cylinder and just prior to the actual compression stroke of the engine, said fuel injection means including a fuel outlet jet positioned in proximity to said transfer passage outlet and to said cylinder intake ports.

'7. In a two stroke cycle fuel injection spark ignition engine of the crankcase compression *actual` compression stroke4 type, an engine structure having a recessed pocket on one side thereof and including a cylinder adjacent to said pocket and having intake and exhaust ports, a crankcase, an air transfer passage connecting said crankcase with a cylinder intake port, a piston operable to control said cylinder ports, and fuel injection means vmounted in said recessed pocket on the side of said engine structure and including a fuel jet positioned in proximity to a cylinder inlet port, said injection means being operable in timed relation to said engine operation to inject fuel only when said piston has unmasked the cylinder intake ports.

8. A two stroke cycle engine of the fuel injection spark ignition type comprising a cylinder having an air intake port and an exhaust port, means controlling the opening and closing of said cylinder intake and exhaust ports, means supplying air to said cylinder intake port, and relatively low pressure fuel injection means including control means operated in timed relation with said exhaust port controlling means to inject fuel at relatively low pressure lat the beginning of the engine compression stroke at pressures which are substantially less than the maximum cylinder pressures obtained prior to ignition and approximately immediately after the exhaust port is closed, said fuel injection control means being operable to shut oi fuel injection while cylinder pressures are still less than fuel injection pressures.

9. A two stroke cycle engine of the fuel injection spark ignition type comprising a cylinder having an air intake port and an exhaust port, means controlling the opening and closing of said cylinder intake and exhaust ports, means supplying air to said cylinder intake port, and fuel injection means including control means operated in timed relation with the engine operation to inject fuel into said engine cylinder at` relatively `low pressures which are substantially less than'themaxirnumV cylinder pressures obtained prior to ignition and commencing approximately at the beginning of the compression stroke and Lcontinuing to `from fty per cent (50%)ito ninety per centv (90%) of said compression stroke, said fuel injection control means being operable to shut off fuel injection while cylinder pressures are still less than fuel injection pressures. i

l0. A two stroke `cycle engine of the fuel injection spark ignition type comprising an engine structure includinga cylinder having intake and exhaust ports, a piston operable insaid cylinder toA control at least in part said cylinder intake and exhaust ports to control the engine cyclical events, means supplying pure air to said cylinder intake port, and fuel `injection means associated with and injecting fuel directly into said cylinder, said fuel injection means positioned in said cylinder wall at a point axially spaced outwardly of the cylinder with respect to said exhaust port, said fuel injection means operable in timed relation with said engine to inject said fuel during the engine compression stroke, said piston operable to mask said fuel injection means during at least the last ten per cent (10%) of the co-mpression stroke and likewise during the initial portion of the power stroke whereby to shield said fuel injection means from the substantial maximum temperatures and pressures in said cylinder.

11. A two stroke cycle engine of the fuel injection spark ignition type comprising an engine structure including a .cylinder having intake and exhaust ports, a piston operable in 'said cylinder to control at least in part said cylinder intake and exhaust ports, air supply Vmeans externally of said engine and operable as the only source of air supply to supply pure air under pressure to the cylinder intake port, and fuel injection means in said cylinder wall and spaced axially outwardly of the cylinder with respect to the cylinder exhaust port, said fuel injection means introducing the fuel under pressure to the enginecylinder at pressures substantially less than cylinder pressures obtained prior to ignition, said fuel injection means including control means and operable in timed relation with said engine to inject fuel into said cylinder approximately following the closing of the cylinder exhaust port and during a portion only of the engine compression stroke, said fuel injection control means operable to shut off fuel injection while cylinder pressures are still less than fuel injection pressures. I

12. A two stroke cycle engine of the fuel injection spark ignition type comprising an engine structure including a cylinder having intake and exhaust ports, a piston operable in said cylinder to control at least in part said cylinder intake and exhaust ports, air supply meansv operable to supply pure air under pressure to the cylinder intake port, and fuel injection means including control means operable in timed relation with said engine to inject relatively low pressure fuel directly into the engine cylinder during a portion only of the engine compression stroke at pressures less than the maximum cylinder pressures obtained prior to ignition, said fuel injection control means operable to shut off fuel injection while cylinder pressures are less than the fuel injection pressure.

13. A two stroke cycle internal combustion enginecomprising aan engine structure including a Icrankcase and a cylinder, said cylinder having intake and exhaustports, a crankshaft, a piston operatively connected With said crankshaft and'operable to `control 'the opening and closing of the cylinder intake anclexhaust ports to control the .engine cyclical events, means for introducing pure compressed air into said cylinder intake ports, and means for introducing `fuel directly into the cylinder at the beginning of the engine compression stroke, saidfuel injection means including a fuel nozzle constructed and arranged to direct the kinjected fuel transversely ofthe iiow of :air as the sameis being introduced into the cylinder.

I4. A two stroke cycle internal combustion engine comprising an engine structure including a crankcase anda cylinder, said cylinder having intake and exhaust fports, a'crankshaft, a piston operatively connected With said crankshaft and operable to control the opening and closing of the cylinder .intake and exhaust ports to control .the engine cyclical events, .means for introducing pure compressed air` into said cylinder intake ports, and means for .introducing fuel directly .into the cylinder at the beginning of the engine compression stroke, said fuel injection means including a fuel injection nozzle projecting into a cylinder intake vport and constructed and arranged to inject said fuel directly into the-engine cylinder and to direct said fuel substantially tangentially relative to the cylinder Wall.

ENOS R. JACOBY.

EARL GINN. 

